Seyithan Akbulut, BSc. Student
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Yıldız Technical University
akbulut.seyit@gmail.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/seyithan-akbulut-01b4251bb/
Investigation of the Precursor Glass-Ceramic Surface Resistivity for Powder Electrostatic Application
Supervisor: Sinan Daloğlu, Assoc Prof. Dr. Buğra Çiçek
Enamel coatings, also known as inorganic glass-ceramic coatings, are materials generally used for
surface coating in production of household appliances, boilers and water tanks thanks to its unique
benefits such as chemical resistance, wear resistance, mechanical strength etc. [1]–[3]. The structures
that allow the formation of enamel coatings are precursor glasses that include opacifiers, refractories
and glass formers. Precursor glass (also named as frit) is amorphous structures formed by blending the
desired elements and compounds together, melting and rapid cooling of these blended materials, which
also provides the ability of controllable crystallization thanks to its nucleation agent contents such as
TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , FeO [4]–[6]. The raw material of precursor glasses can be natural or synthetic materials, for
example silicates, carbonates, aluminosilicates, or oxidized compounds [7]–[10]. Enamel coating
methods are divided into 2 main groups as aqueous and powder methods. The aqueous method
includes dipping, spraying and electrophoresis methods [11]–[13]. One of the important application
methods of coatings is electrostatic powder coating. Electrostatic powder coating is an enamel coating
technology for the purpose of coating the powders applied to the metal surface with the help of an
electric field [14]–[16]. In addition, electrostatic powder coating is more suitable for human health and
more sustainable than other enamel coating types. The electrostatic powder coating method is affected
by the ambient humidity, temperature of the environment, powder size, the voltage of the spray gun to
be used in powder coating, and the distance from the object to be coated [1], [17]–[19]. Surface
resistance is a very important parameter in terms of the adhesion of the powder to the substrate and
remaining on the surface. The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between surface
resistivity and powder adhesion behavior, with engineering performances and to optimize the chemical
formula for Li 2 O-free precursor glass.
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www.european-enamel-association.eu
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[10] W. Luo et al., “Effect of B2O3 on the crystallization, structure and properties of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-
ceramics,” Ceram Int, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 24750–24756, Dec. 2019, doi:
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Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 923–939, 2020, doi: 10.31202/ecjse.660254.
[12] M. Müh AMelih KOÇ, O. Gündüz, and Y. Müh Cengiz ŞAHİNTÜRK, “EMAYE ÇELİKLERİ VE ERDEMİR’ DE
ÜRETİMİ.”
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APPLICATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF COATING SYSTEMS FOR METAL POWDERS ON METAL
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pharmaceutical applications,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 505, no. 1–2. Elsevier B.V., pp.
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[17] L. Bragina et al., “Powder electrostatic enamelling of household appliances,” in IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering, 2011, vol. 25, no. 1. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/25/1/012012.
[18] L. L. Bragina, O. v Shalygina, and O. Li, “COATINGS. ENAMELS DEVELOPMENT OF A BASE FOR BOTTOM
FRIT FOR ELECTROSTATIC POWDER ENAMELING The system R 2 O-RO-B 2 O 3-SiO 2 (R 2 O-Na,” 2008.
[19] O. v. Shalygina, L. L. Bragina, G. I. Mironova, and A. P. Odintsova, “Single-Frit Nickel-Free Glass-Enamel
Coatings Obtained by the Poesta Technology,” Glass and Ceramics (English translation of Steklo i
Keramika), vol. 71, no. 5–6, pp. 217–221, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10717-014-9656-4.